Sjögren’s Syndrome

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Duke rheumatologists are among the nation’s leading experts in the diagnosis and treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome. In this chronic autoimmune disorder, your white blood cells attack your saliva and tear glands, causing dry mouth, dry eyes, and sometimes dry skin. We work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan to reduce your symptoms, prevent complications, and help you live comfortably.

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Tests

Our goal is to diagnose Sjögren’s syndrome during its earliest stages in hopes of improving and managing symptoms. Though dry eyes and mouth may be early signs of Sjögren’s syndrome, these symptoms may indicate another condition. Many diseases can mimic Sjögren’s Syndrome, so you will likely be tested for additional conditions. Your evaluation will include a comprehensive review of your medical history, a comprehensive physical exam, and the following tests:

Blood Tests

Your doctor will order blood tests that identify the presence of antibodies associated with Sjögren’s syndrome.

Schirmer’s Test

This test assesses whether your eyes are producing enough tears to retain moisture. It involves placing a special paper strip under your eyelids for several minutes to measure the amount of moisture. Your doctor may use numbing eyedrops for the procedure.

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Duke Health offers locations throughout the Triangle. Find one near you.

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Treatments

Currently, there is no FDA-approved medication that can slow the progression of Sjögren’s. However, treatments are available to help manage and lessen your symptoms.

Artificial Tears

Using artificial tears can help alleviate dry eyes.

Cyclosporine

This topical medication reduces inflammation in the glands around the eyes and increases tear production.

Pilocarpine or Cevimeline

These medications stimulate saliva flow.

Oral Hygiene

Dry mouth may increase your risk for cavities, gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), and oral yeast infections such as thrush. Your doctor will help you manage your dental care habits.

Immunosuppressants

Complications or serious symptoms affecting your entire body may require drugs that suppress your immune system.

Hydroxychloroquine

In some poeple, this medication can help with fatigue, joint pain, and rash. If you are prescribed hydroxychloroquine, you will need annual ophthalmologic screenings to monitor for side effects.

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Advanced Care for Sjögren’s Syndrome

Ongoing Studies
Research is a hallmark of our Sjögren’s program, led by Clinical Directors Terri Tarrant, MD, and Bill St. Clair, MD. Our doctors exploring new treatments that could change the prognosis of Sjögren’s syndrome. As our patient, you may have the opportunity to participate in a clinical trial, testing the newest therapies on the market before they are made widely available. See current clinical trials here. If there are no Sjögren’s syndrome clinical trials listed, ask your doctor if any are starting soon or check back later.

A Team Approach to Care
Our rheumatologists work with multiple Duke specialists, including ophthalmologists and otolaryngologists (ENT doctors), who offer expertise in managing the dryness of the eyes and mouth typically associated with Sjögren’s syndrome.

Specialized Care for Pregnant People with Sjögren’s
A healthy pregnancy and baby are possible with Sjögren’s Syndrome. However, the risk of complications is higher compared to people without the condition. We have a dedicated rheumatologist who sees women who are pregnant or wish to be pregnant and who have Sjögren’s Syndrome.

High-Performing Hospital for Rheumatology in the U.S.

Where you receive your care matters. Duke University Hospital is proud of our team and the exceptional care they provide. They are why our rheumatology program is rated as high-performing among the nation's top hospitals, according to US News & World Report for 2024–2025.

This page was medically reviewed on 09/27/2024 by

Teresa Tarrant, MD | Allergy & Immunology Specialist